Merry Christmas (25th December 2007)

The word Christmas comes from the words Cristes maesse, or "Christ's Mass." Christmas is the celebration of the birth of Jesus for members of the Christian religion. Most historians peg the first celebration of Christmas to Rome in 336 A.D.

In 325AD, Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, introduced Christmas as an immovable feast on 25 December. He also introduced Sunday as a holy day in a new 7-day week, and introduced movable feasts (Easter).

In 354AD, Bishop Liberius of Rome officially ordered his members to celebrate the birth of Jesus on 25 December.

The custom of sending Christmas cards started in Britain in 1840 when the first 'Penny Post' public postal deliveries began. (Helped by the new railway system, the public postal service was the 19th century's communication revolution, just as email is for us today.)

As printing methods improved, Christmas cards were produced in large numbers from about 1860. They became even more popular in Britain when a card could be posted in an unsealed envelope for one half-penny - half the price of an ordinary letter.

Birth of Jesus

In the western world the birthday of Jesus Christ has been celebrated on December 25th since AD 354, partly to replace the pagan worship that was commonplace in those days. However, we can be fairly sure that Jesus wasn't actually born on that date. (See also The History of Christmas)

The Bible tells us that shepherds were staying out in the fields overnight when Jesus was born (Luke 2:8), but in that part of the world it would have been far too cold at night to do so in December. What is more likely is that He was born in the Spring, perhaps between March and May. Whatever the time of year, it is virtually impossible to identify the actual date.

The important thing is that he was born, and his nominal birthrate of December 25th seems as good as any to celebrate his birth and his message. It also a wonderful catalyst for enjoying the precious and simple pleasures of being, if only for a brief time, close together in the warm familiarity of friends and family, renewing relationships and sharing memories.

Tradition

From November onwards, it is impossible to forget that Christmas is coming. Colored lights decorate many town centers and shops, along with shiny decorations, and artificial snow painted on shop windows.


In streets and shops, 'Christmas trees' (real or plastic evergreen 'conifer' trees) will also be decorated with lights and Christmas ornaments.

My idea of Christmas, whether old-fashioned or modern, is very simple: loving others. Come to think of it, why do we have to wait for Christmas to do that?

Merry Christmas !!

A click eats nuthing more than a sec of urs….

but then feeds a stomach of one of these….

........plsssssssss........

A Pond Full of Milk

Once there was a king who told some of his workers to dig a pond. Once the pond was dug, the king made an announcement to his people saying that one person from each household has to bring a glass of milk during the night and pour it into the pond. So, the pond should be full of milk by the morning.

After receiving the order, everyone went home. One man prepared to take the milk during the night. He thought that since everyone will bring milk, he could just hide a glass of water and pour inside the pond. Because it will be dark at night, no one will notice. So he quickly went and poured the water in the pond and came back.

In the morning, the king came to visit the pond and to his surprise the pond was only filled with water! What has happened is that everyone was thinking like the other man that "I don't have to put the milk, someone else will do it."

Dear friends, when it comes to help poor people, do not think that others will take care of it. Rather, it starts from you, if you don't do it, no one else will do it.

Rgds
Chaits..

May Ur Birthday bring
U as much Happiness
As you give to everyone
Who knows U
U shud always have
The BEST of everything!!!
Hope all that U do
Turns out Happy for U
And all that U wish
Comes Ur way
So dat each hour will bring
Every wonderful thing.
May this Bday fill Ur heart
Wid joy and may
Ur
Life be
Full of fragrance.

H@ppy b!rth d@y my $w33t little cheeky fr!3nd,w!$hing u all the h@pp!n3$$ of l!fe!!

All The Very Best ..........Enjoy reading with books..

Do well in these exams.........This is our last fight..may be the end of war.........Hope all do well in these exams.Enjoy this Happy ending with books, rather than parties..................."""""*ALL THE BEST*''''''''

Good Luck Friends..

I wish a wish for u. Its a wish I wish for few. The wish I wish for u is that all ur wishes come true so keep wishing as my best wishes are always with u.

Good Luck Friends.. Do well..

Happy Days.......keep enjoying

Happy Days.......keep enjoying

Deepavali

India is a country that is culturally so rich that it celebrates one or the other festival almost every month.
Deepavali is the Indian festival that brings a series of festivals with it. One after another it gives a chance to celebrate five festivals together.

Return of Shri Ram Chandra to Ayodhyaa
The most famous legend behind the celebrations of diwali is about the prince of Ayodhya Nagri, Lord Shri Ram Chandra. The story goes like the king of Lanka, Ravan kidnapped Ram Chandra's wife, Sita from the jungle where they were staying as per the instructions of King Dashratha, father of Ram Chandra. Then Ram Chandra attacked Lanka and killed Ravan and released Sita from imprisonment. He returned to Ayodhyaa with his wife Sita and younger brother Lakshamana after fourteen years. Therefore the people of Ayodhyaa decorated their homes as well as the city of Ayodhyaa by lighting tiny diyas all over in order to welcome their beloved prince Shri Ram Chandra and Devi Sita.

Incarnation of Goddess Lakshmi
On the auspicious new moon day, which is 'Amavasyaa' of the Hindi month of Kartik the Goddess of wealth and prosperity, Lakshmi was incarnated. She appeared during the churning of the ocean, which is known as 'Samudra Manthan', by the demons on one side and 'Devataas' on the other side. Therefore the worship of Goddess Lakshmi, the Lakshmi Pujan, on the day of Divali became a tradition.

Lord Krishna Destroyed Demon Narakasur
One famous story behind the celebrations of Diwali is about the demon king Narakasur who was ruler of Pragjyotishpur, a province to the South of Nepal. During a war he defeated Lord Indra and snatched away the magnificent earrings of Mother Goddess Aditi who was not only the ruler of Suraloka but also a relative of Lord Krishna's wife, Satyabhama. Narakasur also imprisoned sixteen thousand daughters of Gods and saints in his harem. With the support of Lord Krishna Satyabhama defeated Narakasur and released all the women from his harem and also restored the magnificent earrings of Mother Goddess Aditi.

The Return of the Pandavas
The great Hindu epic 'Mahabharata' has another interesting story related to the 'Kartik Amavasyaa'. The story reads that 'the Pandavas', the five brothers Yudhishthhira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahdeva, were sentenced thirteen years banishment as a result of their defeat against 'the Kauravas', Duryodhana and his ninety nine brothers, at the game of dice. Therefore they spent thirteen years in the jungles and returned to their kingdom on the day of 'Kartik Amavasyaa'. On their return the people of their kingdom welcomed the Pandavas by celebrating the event by lighting the earthen lamps all over in their city.

Coronation of King Vikramaditya
Another legend or story about diwali celebrations relates to one of the greatest Hindu King Vikramaditya. It was the day when he was coroneted and the people celebrated this event by lighting tiny earthen 'diyas'.

Have a Happy & Safe Deepavali Friends...

Happiness of 'Diwali'

Joy, Joy, Joy,

We can play with our cousins

We can eat so many sweets

We can fire crackers

We can worship Goddess Lakshmi because

It is Diwali

Happy Diwali !

A Snake Charmer

A Snake charmer moved from village to village to entertain folks with his acrobatic team of a monkey, a snake and a goat. Once, while wading across a river, he balanced the snake basket on his head, sat the monkey on his shoulder and guided the goat with his hand. The water level was low but there flowed a strong current. The charmer cautiously took his steps, with an eye on all three of his team. Midway, where the force was fierce enough to drag away the goat, he tightened his grip on it. The other two were safe above. Or were they? The monkey, by nature, was mischievous. It was restless and couldn't resist playing a game. It slowly opened the snake basket. The snake within the darkness of the basket sprung up with its head high and tongue hissing... sss sss sss. The sound and fury, frightened the monkey and it fell into the water. The current began to drag the monkey away. A split-second effort to save the monkey threw the charmer off balance and he dropped the snake basket into the stream. To catch hold of the basket, he lost his grip on the goat. Within seconds, all three of his companions - the monkey, the snake and the goat were carried away by the current.

In real life, our mind is the monkey. It is restless and difficult to predict. Many times it causes trouble and leads us into serious trouble. Instead of helping us float across the ocean of life, it throws us into the ocean.

Therefore, it is wise that we control and master our mind.

hii !!!

hiii guys this is the digital foto of our frns at kanyakumari (not the scanned ones)

got is just now so uploading it

FRIENDS FOR EVER

HI FRIENDS CLICK HERE


FRIENDS CAFE

GET WELL SOON BUDDIES

GET WELL SOON CHAITU,VINAY AND DIVYA......


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***CN 5 internal part2 wid answers***

CN 5 internal part2 wid answers


folks look at these for any queries regarding answers

Computer Networks

Heya folks...!!!!
this links leads to the download of the file containing the questions for the fifth internal of Computer Networks
have fun and keep blogging!!!

Click here for the download

Echo !!

"A son and his father were walking on the mountains. Suddenly, his son falls, hurts himself and screams: "AAAhhhhhhhhhhh!!!" To his surprise, he hears the voice repeating, somewhere in the mountain: "AAAhhhhhhhhhhh!!!" Curious, he yells: "Who are you?" He receives the answer: "Who are you?" And then he screams to the mountain: "I admire you!" The voice answers: "I admire you!" Angered at the response, he screams: "Coward!" He receives the answer: "Coward!" He looks to his father and asks: "What's going on?" The father smiles and says: "My son, pay attention." Again the man screams: "You are a champion!" The voice answers: "You are a champion!" The boy is surprised, but does not understand. Then the father explains: "People call this ECHO, but really this is LIFE. It gives you back everything you say or do. Our life is simply a reflection of our actions. If you want more love in the world, create more love in your heart. If you want more competence in your team, improve your competence. This relationship applies to everything, in all aspects of life; Life will give you back everything you have given to it.

"YOUR LIFE IS NOT A COINCIDENCE. IT'S A REFLECTION OF YOU!"

Keep Hugging..

We need four hugs a day for survival. We need eight hugs a day for maintenance. We need twelve hugs a day for growth.

--- Vinrginia Satir

Hugging is healthy. It helps the immune system, cures depression, reduces stress and induces sleep. Its invigorating, rejuvenating and has no unpleasant side effects. Hugging is nothing less than a miracle drug.Hugging is all natural.

It is organic, naturally sweet, no artificial ingredients, non-polluting, environmentally friendly and 100 percent wholesome.Hugging is the ideal gift. Great for any occasion, fun to give and receive, shows you care, comes with its own wrapping and, of course, fully returnable.Hugging is practically perfect. No batteries to wear out, inflation-proof, non-fattening, no monthly payments, theft-proof and nontaxable.

Hugging is an underutlized resource with magical powers. When we open our hearts and arms we encourage others to do the same.Think of the people in your life. Are there any words you would like to say? Are there any hugs you want to share? Are you waiting and hoping someone else will ask first?

Please dont wait! Initiate!

!!$$**Happy Dussehra**$$!!

The festival of Dussehra, also known as Vijayadashmi, is one of the fascinating festivals of India and is celebrated with joy and enthusiasm. According to the great Hindu scripture, the Ramayana, Lord Rama performed chandi-puja (holy prayer). This was carried out in order to invoke the blessings of Durga Maa for the killing of Ravana, the ten-headed demon king of Sri Lanka who had abducted Seeta, wife of Lord Rama.

Dussehra day is considered a most auspicious day. It is a time-honored belief that if any new venture is started on this day, it is bound to be successful. Hence, all the undertakings be it laying-in of foundation of a new building, opening of a new commercial establishment or even initiating a child into the world of learning- are started on this day. Also on this day implements of agriculture, manufacturer's machines, the intellectuals pens, the household articles, the children's school books are placed before the idol of Durga and worshiped.

H@ppY Du$$ehR@

In the realm of the relative nothing is what it seems

Two Traveling Angels:

Two traveling angels stopped to spend the night in the home of a wealthy family.The family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the mansion's guest room.
Instead the angels were given a small space in the cold basement. As they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and repaired it. When the younger angel asked why, the older angel replied,"things aren't always what they seem."

The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, but very hospitable farmer and his wife. After sharing what little food they had the couple let the angels sleep in their bed where they could have a good night's rest. When the sun came up the next morning the angels found the farmer and his wife in tears. Their only cow, whose milk had been their sole income, lay dead in the field. The younger angel was infuriated and asked the older angel how could you have let this happen? The first man had everything, yet you helped him, he accused. The second family had little but was willing to share everything, and you let the cow die! "Things aren't always what they seem," the older angel replied.

"When we stayed in the basement of the mansion, I noticed there was gold stored in that hole in the wall. Since the owner was so obsessed with greed and unwilling to share his good fortune, I sealed the wall so he wouldn't find it. Then last night as we slept in the farmers' bed, the angel of death came for his wife. I gave him the cow instead; things aren't always what they seem."

Sometimes that is exactly what happens when things don't turn out the way you think they should. If you have faith, you just need to trust that every outcome is always to your advantage. You just might not know it until some time later...

Ruchita mam's marriage foto

Hii frns !!! this is marriage foto of our faculty Ruchita ... let us wish her a happy married life

Optical Communications -- Questions from Course file

1.What are the basic stages of the receiver?
2. What is a bit period?
3.Define bit error rate.
4. What are the typical error rates for optical fiber telecommunications systems?
5. What type of noise is produced due to pulse spreading?
6. Give some examples of spontaneous fluctuations.
7. Draw the Schematic diagram of a typical optical receiver.
8. Give the relationship between signal to noise and peak signal to rms noise.
9. Write the formula for probability error function.
10. Define threshold level.
11. Define extinction ratio.
12. What is the unit of thermal noise characteristic of a receiver?
13. Give the formula for thermal noise characteristic of a receiver.
14. Why low – impedance preamplifier are not used at long distance applications?
15. What is the advantage of Low – impedance preamplifier?
16. What are the draw backs of high – impedance preamplifier?
17. Write the thermal noise characteristic for high – impedance preamplifier.
18. What are the advantages of trans impedance amplifier?
19. Classify the preamplifiers used in optical fiber communication receivers?
20. What is the advantage of high – impedance preamplifier?
21. Which devices are used as preamplifiers for giga bits/sec. data rate?
22. How does noise in a high – impedance amplifier can be minimized?
23. What are the basic building blocks of digital receiver?
24. Draw the high – impedance preamplifier using BJT.
25. What is meant by wave length multiplexing?
26. What are the uses of WDM?
27. Draw a neat sketch showing a simplex point to point link.
28. What are the requirements in analyzing link?
29. What is the typical response time of a high speed silicon photodiode?
30. What is inter symbol interference?
31. Define noise margin.
32. Name the four elements which limit system speed.
33. Give the relationship between 3 –dB Bandwidth and full width half maximum rise time.
34. ___________ is used for determining the dispersion limitation of an optical fiber link.
35. The performance of digital receiver is in terms of _____________.
36. The performance of analog receiver is in terms of _____________.
37. In multimode fibers the rise time depends on _________________.
38. _________________ determines the power margin between the optical transmitter output and the minimum receiver sensitivity.
39. The most widely used compound for both pins and avalanche photodiode is________.
40. The cutoff wavelength is about _________ µm for Si and _______ µm for Ge.
41. The dispersion limit depends on ________________ and ____________ dispersion.

SATCOM 4th internal questions

· What are mac techniques ???
· What is tdma , cdma , fdma ???
· Define fixed assignment ??
· Define demand assignment ??
· B0o , B0i -> values & definitions , measurements ??
· (c/n)I , (c/n)v , (c/n)d equation ???
· Block diagram of NPR downlink transmitter earth station ??
· NPR values ??
· TDM & TDMA differences ??
· General properties of rx n tx ??
· GP is called as ________ ???
· CDMA application ???
· Technology used for spread spectrum transmission ????
· Explain digital date Tx wrt cdma ???
· SSB ???
· (s/n)d ???
· Cdma -> fixed assignment
· demand assignment- (i) distributed system (ii) centralised system {low cost,easy}

The Precious Gift of LOVE...

Once upon a time, when God had finished making the world, he wanted to leave behind a piece of His own divinity, a spark of His essence, a promise to man of what he could become, with effort. He looked for a place to hide this precious gift because, He explained, what man could find too easily would never be valued by him.
"Then you must hide this gift on the highest mountain peak on earth," said one of His counselors.
God shook His head, "No, for man is an adventuresome creature and he will soon enough learn to climb the highest mountain peaks."
"Hide it then, My Lord, in the depths of the earth."
"I think not," said God. "for man will one day discover that he can dig into the deepest parts of the earth."
"In the middle of the ocean then, God?"
God shook His head. "I've given man a brain, you see, and one day he'll learn to build ships and cross the mightiest oceans."
"Where then, My Lord?" cried His counselors.
God smiled, "I'll hide it where every man and woman will be able to find it if they look sincerely and deeply enough. I'll hide it in their heart, because that's the place where LOVE resides..."
Keep smiling,

Cheetah

Congrats..

TEAM BANNED ZONE WISHES SANDEEP VARMA AND CHAITANYA A HEARTY CONGRATULATIONS FOR THEIR PERFORMANCE IN GRE

SANDEEP VARMA = 1120
CHAITU=1000

`

i dOnt knOw muCh pOEtry tO dEsCriBe ur bdAy....nOr dO i knOw gUd BiG wOrdZ tO tEll u wAt u neEd tO dO iN fuTUre.... i knOw jUs oNe thiNg....thAt is tO wiSh u haPpy liFe n dEn siNg.....

PERFECT PEACE

There once was a King who offered a prize to the artist who would paint the best picture of peace.

Many artists tried. The King looked at all the pictures, but there were only two he really liked and he had to choose between them.

One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful towering mountains were all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.
The other picture had mountains too. But these were rugged and bare. Above was an angry sky from which rain fell, and in which lightening played. Down the side of the mountain tumbled a foaming waterfall.

This did not look peaceful at all.

But when the King looked, he saw behind the waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush a mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest ..... perfect peace.

Which picture do you think won the prize?

The King chose the second picture. Do you know why?

"Because," explained the King, "peace does not mean to be in a place where there is no noise, trouble, or hard work. Peace means to be in the midst of all those things and still be calm in your heart. That is the real meaning of peace".

happy birthday anup

MANY MANY HAPPY RETURNS OF D DAY ANUP


TEAM BANNEDZONE

On this special day
delight in the joys
That are little
Sometimes unexpected Too
And that bring
in sweet surprises
Delight in the life
That's so beautiful
Sending your way
Warm wishes on Ur Birthday.....

H@ppY BirthD@Y Divzzz...

Of bridges and bhagwan..

Remember that line in the movie 'rang de basanti' where sue calls india "a place where people are just looking for a cause to kill each other"? that kinda seems true. and ironically, we, who claim to be a secular nation, are always fighting over God!

In the past, it was the babri masjid issue, which led to a bloodshed of a magnitude that must've horrified and deeply saddened both Allah and Ram. now lord Ram's name has again been dragged into controversy with the 'Ram sethu' issue. Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project that aims to create a ship channel across the Palk Strait, would save 30 hrs of shipping time and thus decrease the shipping costs. however, this project could damage the ram sethu , or Adam's bridge, which is sacred for millions of Indians. according to the epic Ramayana, it was built by lord Rama himself with the help of his simian army.

Though there have been many arguments about there being proof that the bridge is a natural formation, the bjp led Hindu public is up in arms for the protection of the bridge. and seriously, even though there could be benefits from the project, the sentiments of the people have to be considered. and the govt seems to be thinking about the same lines as can be seen by the congress party taking back the controversial affidavit.

And right after this, Mr.Karunanidhi went on to make those very irresponsible comments about lord rama. what made him do dat, i wonder, fully knowing what serious repercussions it would have. it led to an unprecedented fatwa released by the hindu community. well, what did he expect?

The protests continue. people fight. nobody knows what is going to happen.

So what will win? pragmatism, or people's faith? raam jaane!

Congrats..

Hearty Congratulations to Vijay Mani varma for his success in TOEFL ( 99 ) from bannedzone Team

We wish you all the Luck whole heartedly and want to see you in flying colors...

Satellite Communication Assignment by Sujatha(04211A0473)

I ve uploaded the pics....pls clik on the links below :-)

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to be continued..........

DimmA TiRiGiNdROOOi

all about gandhi

There a very few men who require no introduction.
There are few days in calender which don't require any description.
n bAnnEdzOnE tEAm is proud to celebrate it's platinum jubilee day on this auspicious occasion.

HI

RAJ

Keep going..

Arthur Ashe, the legendary Wimbledon player was dying of AIDS which he got due to infected blood he received during a heart surgery in 1983. From world over, he received letters from his fans, one of which conveyed: "Why does GOD have to select you for such a bad disease"?

To this Arthur Ashe replied: The world over -- 5 crore children start playing tennis, 50 lakh learn to play tennis, 5 lakh learn professional tennis , 50,000 come to the circuit, 5000 reach the grand slam, 50 reach Wimbledon , 4 to semi final, 2 to the finals, When I was holding a cup I never asked GOD "Why me?".

And today in pain I should not be asking GOD "Why me?" Happiness keeps u Sweet, Trials keep u Strong, Sorrow keeps u Human , Failure Keeps u Humble, Success keeps u Glowing, But only God Keeps u Going.....

Keep Going.....